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「高考新資訊」解讀2021年高考英語(yǔ)新題型！

廣東浩志教育

2020-11-13 01:15:54 文/齊浩然圖/林一鳴

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廣東浩志

2021年廣東省將實(shí)施新的考試方案。屆時(shí)英語(yǔ)試題題型也會(huì)有較大變化�，F(xiàn)就廣東省高考英語(yǔ)題型變化及英語(yǔ)是否一年兩考根據(jù)文件精神做一解讀。

廣東浩志

新老高考對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科的考查知識(shí)內(nèi)容變化相對(duì)不大，

主要體現(xiàn)在試題題型變化及考查側(cè)重點(diǎn)上。

新高考較老高考更側(cè)重于考查考生的閱讀、寫作能力，

對(duì)考生綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力提出了更高的要求。

具體變化表，如下：

廣東浩志

新題型到底難在哪里？

■ ANSWER

答：新題型“讀后續(xù)寫”“概要寫作”是一種將原本獨(dú)立的“閱讀理解”與“寫作”組合在一起得出的“新題型”。

一道題目，雙倍難度。

認(rèn)真講，以前英語(yǔ)老師會(huì)說：“得閱讀者得天下”，因?yàn)殚喿x理解考查學(xué)生的能力最綜合，得分也難。而英語(yǔ)作文，只要背夠連接詞、鏈接句、再來(lái)幾個(gè)經(jīng)典長(zhǎng)難句，基準(zhǔn)分是有保障的。

可如今的“概要寫作”“讀后續(xù)寫”，已不再是背幾十個(gè)單詞，用用on the one hand......on the other hand 就可以應(yīng)付了，在寫作之前，先得讀懂閱讀材料，還得構(gòu)思與原文銜接、還要用上原文所給的五個(gè)單詞，然后才能續(xù)寫。

哪些省份的高考有新題型？

■ ANSWER

2015 年 8 月，在教育部考試中心發(fā)布的《普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)科考試說明》中，提出了寫作新題型：讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作，兩種形式在不同考次不定期交替使用。讀后續(xù)寫作為一種全新的高考題型，于 2016 年 10 月首次在浙江英語(yǔ)高考卷中亮相，并沿用至今。

該題型已經(jīng)在浙江、山東等省份的日�？荚囍蓄l繁出現(xiàn)，并在2020年高考中使用。2021年，將會(huì)有更多的省份使用新題型。遼寧、廣東、河北、湖北、湖南、江蘇、福建、重慶，這些地區(qū)2021年高考很有可能使用新高考全國(guó)卷。

概要寫作主要考察什么能力？

■ ANSWER

“概要寫作”重點(diǎn)考查考生理解和呈現(xiàn)原文要點(diǎn)和準(zhǔn)確使用詞匯和語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。要求學(xué)生客觀并且簡(jiǎn)練的概括出原文，而且要保證故事的完整連貫，邏輯通順。（這類題型相對(duì)來(lái)說比較簡(jiǎn)單；考察三方面的能力：1. 找關(guān)鍵詞的能力；2. 把關(guān)鍵詞寫成正確句子的能力；3. 把句子寫成合理的段落的能力）

讀后續(xù)寫考察什么能力？

■ ANSWER

讀后續(xù)寫主要關(guān)注學(xué)生以下四個(gè)方面的能力：

①把握短文關(guān)鍵信息和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)的能力。學(xué)生需要了解所給短文的主要內(nèi)容，清楚其關(guān)鍵詞和語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)的使用情況，并通過續(xù)寫短文表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

②語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的準(zhǔn)確性和豐富性。學(xué)生能準(zhǔn)確、恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟鶎W(xué)詞匯和語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)，還能夠根據(jù)內(nèi)容需要使用較多、較復(fù)雜的詞匯和語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)。

③對(duì)語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)的把控能力。學(xué)生需要掌握上下文邏輯關(guān)系，所續(xù)寫的短文與所給短文及段落開頭語(yǔ)之間要有連貫性，所續(xù)寫的短文內(nèi)語(yǔ)句要連貫、有序。

④創(chuàng)造性思維能力。學(xué)生所續(xù)寫的短文要具有較豐富的內(nèi)容，包含詳細(xì)和生動(dòng)的情景、態(tài)度和感情描述。

讀后續(xù)寫長(zhǎng)什么樣子？

■ ANSWER

(2018年6月浙江高考真題)

廣東浩志

注意:1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2. 至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)；

3. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好；4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。Paragraph

1:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.Paragraph

2:We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark

讀后續(xù)寫評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

■ ANSWER

得分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（1）與所給短文及段落開頭語(yǔ)的銜接程度；

（2）內(nèi)容的豐富性和對(duì)所給關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的覆蓋情況；（3）應(yīng)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性；（4）上下文的連貫性。

扣分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（1）總分25分，按5個(gè)檔次給分；

（2）根據(jù)寫作內(nèi)容及語(yǔ)言初步定檔

（3）詞數(shù)少于130的，扣2分；

（4）單詞拼寫及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)使用情況，視其對(duì)交際的影響程度酌情考慮；

（5）書寫較差以致于影響交際，可酌情降低評(píng)分檔次。21-25分檔的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：

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讀后續(xù)寫解題思路

■ ANSWER

續(xù)寫思路和以往的高考英語(yǔ)命題作文不同，讀后續(xù)寫要求考生首先要讀懂已有信息，不僅要讀懂字面含義，還要厘清文章的脈絡(luò)和關(guān)系。續(xù)寫這篇短文時(shí)，考生需要明白故事的發(fā)展進(jìn)程、前因后果、地理位置變化、人物情感等。在此基礎(chǔ)上，考生順著文章的思路，根據(jù)線索，發(fā)揮想象，對(duì)其后的情節(jié)進(jìn)行合理預(yù)測(cè)，并用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)。同時(shí)，在組織語(yǔ)言時(shí)，切記使用5個(gè)以上給出的提示詞。

續(xù)寫分析（以上文浙江省真題為例）已知線索：去西部荒野——體驗(yàn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活——騎馬去森林（父親帶作者去“西部荒野”，喂雞牧羊，體驗(yàn)農(nóng)場(chǎng)生活；見父親和叔叔騎馬很是瀟灑，作者心生向往，于是親身上馬體驗(yàn)，和父親一同騎馬走向森林……）

可續(xù)寫線索：迷路？找到回農(nóng)場(chǎng)的方法？回到農(nóng)場(chǎng)？1. 第一段所給首句“Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.”這一句是故事發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，可從兔子出現(xiàn)后帶來(lái)的結(jié)果入手?jǐn)U展開去，可以寫馬受到驚嚇狂奔而去，也可以寫因追趕兔子而迷路，無(wú)論從何角度拓展，需注意與續(xù)寫第二段首句呼應(yīng)。2. 第二段所給首句“We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.”這一句呼應(yīng)前文Uncle Paul的囑托——不要誤了晚飯、不要迷路，可以從如何尋路返回入手去寫續(xù)文。前文提示農(nóng)場(chǎng)附近有河流，并且river為標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，所以可以從沿著河流回到農(nóng)場(chǎng)的角度拓展。

續(xù)寫詞匯已給提示詞匯：dad，Uncle Paul，farm house，river，feed，sheep，late，track，get lost，sight話題激活詞匯：情感：panic，relief，nervous，worried動(dòng)作：run，cry，think to oneself環(huán)境：scenery，mountain，range，valley，river，lake，forest，sun，set，wind，blowOne possible version:

高分范例

Paragraph 1:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Dad and I found it was so cute that we decided to chase it. After a while, we were completely lost in the forest. There was nothing left in oursight but the trees. “We may not be able to make it back to the farm house in time for supper.” I thought to myself. After a series of fruitless attempts to find a way out, we felt hungry and tired.

Paragraph 2:We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. We got stuck in the forest. And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain. I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my father said, “Don’t worry, my son. I remember there is a river near the farm house. Find the river and we will be back home.” Finally, we found the river and got back to the house along it. Needless to say, we ate alate dinner.

如何備考讀后續(xù)寫？

■ ANSWER

“讀后續(xù)寫”重點(diǎn)考查考生所寫短文與原文及所給段落開頭語(yǔ)的銜接程度、內(nèi)容的豐富性和文字語(yǔ)句使用的準(zhǔn)確性。

“讀后續(xù)寫”備考攻略

（1）精讀文章，確定文章線索。

每篇文章都有各自獨(dú)特的寫作思路，通過精讀文章（考試說明中的樣題是記敘文，所以可以推測(cè)，考察的主要類型是記敘文，所以下邊的方法才成立），找到該篇文章的寫作線索，例如什么人（who）什么時(shí)間(when)在什么地方(where)因?yàn)槭裁?why)做了什么事兒(what)，最后有了什么發(fā)展(how)。這樣分析有利于考生“順藤摸瓜”。

（2）仔細(xì)審題，明確續(xù)寫要求。

一般短文后面的“注意”都有對(duì)此短文續(xù)寫的具體要求，如字?jǐn)?shù)限制、使用幾處下劃線關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)、續(xù)寫段落的首句提示，這樣考生能做到“心中有數(shù)”。（3）回扣原文，揣摩續(xù)寫思路。

根據(jù)文章后面的要求，再次快速回讀短文，抓住文章的思路，結(jié)合段首的提示語(yǔ)，最終確定續(xù)寫段落的思路，同時(shí)結(jié)合文章劃線詞語(yǔ)提示，確定續(xù)寫段落的內(nèi)容。

（4）擬寫草稿，修改錯(cuò)詞病句。

在確定了思路和內(nèi)容之后，最關(guān)鍵的就是結(jié)合提示語(yǔ)或者文中劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)擬寫草稿。擬寫時(shí)，注意句子結(jié)構(gòu)的多樣性、語(yǔ)言的豐富性，并通過句與句之間連接詞的正確使用，使上下文連貫。這一步是得分的關(guān)鍵。必殺技，使用2-5個(gè)動(dòng)作描寫，1-2個(gè)環(huán)境描寫，1-2個(gè)對(duì)話，1-2個(gè)表情或者心情。例如：

Paragraph 1:Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Dad and I found it was so cute that we decided to chase it（動(dòng)作一）. After a while, we were completely lost in the forest.（連接詞 +動(dòng)作二）There was nothing left in oursight but the trees. （環(huán)境）“We may not be able to make it back to the farm house in time for supper.” I thought to myself.（對(duì)話，直言自語(yǔ)）After a series of fruitless attempts to find a way out, we felt hungry and tired.（動(dòng)作三 + 心情表情）Paragraph 2:We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. We got stuck in the forest（動(dòng)作一）. And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty of us in finding a way home, for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain（環(huán)境）. I was almost on the edge of breaking down（心情表情） when my father said, “Don’t worry, my son. I remember there is a river near the farm house. Find the river and we will be back home.”（對(duì)話）Finally, we found the river and got back to the house along it. Needless to say, we ate alate dinner.（動(dòng)作二）

方法不難，積累是關(guān)鍵。應(yīng)注意積累記敘文和故事類篇章中的詞匯、句型和語(yǔ)段，尤其是涉及故事細(xì)節(jié)描寫和人物的表情、動(dòng)作、心理活動(dòng)等的表達(dá)，豐富自己的記敘文類英文語(yǔ)料庫(kù)。（5）標(biāo)出續(xù)寫部分中使用到的原材料中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。

這一點(diǎn)可以幫助考生檢查關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的使用情況并根據(jù)情況做出修改。最后在謄寫文字時(shí)，務(wù)必做到“字跡工整、清晰”。

概要寫作長(zhǎng)什么樣子？

■ ANSWER

2019年6月浙江卷

廣東浩志

注意：60詞左右，所以難度不大。

概要寫作解題思路

■ ANSWER

步驟1：閱讀文章，找到核心詞句。

【1】Parents everywhere praise their kids. （錯(cuò)誤論點(diǎn)）Jenn Berman, author ofThe A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." （名人論據(jù)）By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when,in fact（此詞一出，前后相反）,it may be just the opposite. （轉(zhuǎn)折，說明后文中藥）Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them. （核心結(jié)論，簡(jiǎn)而言之：Too much praise can backfire）

【2】Still, don't go too far in the other direction. （論點(diǎn)：Too little praise is damaging）Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. （論據(jù)一）Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.（論據(jù)二）（來(lái)源：gaokaoyingyu 150）

【3】So what is the right amount of praise? （問句引出話題）Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.（論點(diǎn)，但是quality，quantity不夠具體，所以可以把quality，替代為：sincere，focus on effort【論據(jù)一】，process【論據(jù)二】；quantity代替為：outcome【論據(jù)一】，end【論據(jù)二】） If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward." （論據(jù)一）We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, "says Donahue, author ofParenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters."One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."（論據(jù)二）

【4】Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. （論據(jù)）But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相稱的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it. （結(jié)論，主句作用大于從句，核心詞，effort）（來(lái)源：gaokaoyingyu150）

步驟二：形成句子：

1.Parents everywhere praisetheir kids.

2.Too much and too little praise can bedamaging.

3.Parentsshould be sincere andfocus onthe process.

4.Parents shouldgive praiseto rheefforts theirkids put into the process.

步驟三：形成段落：

參考答案：Parents tend to go to extremes when it comes to praising their kids. (要點(diǎn)一) Yet, both too much and too little praise can be equally damaging. (要點(diǎn)二) When giving praise, parents should be sincere and concentrate on the process instead of the result. (要點(diǎn)三) Similarly, they ought to give praise for how much effort their kids have invested in the work they’re involved in. (要點(diǎn)四)

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